Oil Spill Recovery Essay -- Energy Environmental Wildlife Essays

Oil Spill Recovery Can you imagine a world where clean water does not exist anymore? Can you imagine going to your kitchen and seeing black water instead of clear coming out of the faucet? Would you still go to the park if the rivers, lakes, and oceans would turn the color of oil and pollution? Would you still take your kids to see the fish and other living species if they were no longer living and floating belly up? How much would you pay to get the clean rivers, lakes, and oceans back? How much would it cost to get the living organisms living again in the rivers, lakes, and oceans? Maybe it is hard to imagine this world today because it is not as bad, water is not black, and living organisms don’t float bellies up when you walk by, but if we don’t think of the long run consequences of our polluting way of life today this horrible world won’t be so hard to imagine. Water covers about 70% of the Earth’s surface. It is the most valuable natural resource we have. For the most part all living organism require water to live, without water we would not exist. Water pollution is a very huge problem. By polluting our rivers, lakes, and oceans we are harming our planet. Organisms are dying at a very disturbing rate. Our drinking water has become greatly affected as well. There are a variety of causes of pollution they include sewage, fertilizers, wash off deposits, pathogens, petroleum, radioactive substances, heat, and other. The enormous accidental petroleum spills are an important cause of pollution especially along shore lines. Off-shore drilling operations contribute to the pollution pool. Certain statistical estimates state that for every million tons of oil transported one ton gets spilled. This paper will concentrate on oil s... ... 3rd edition, pg 373. 6.McKnight, J; Pelstring L. Patuxent River Oil Spill. Road to recovery. http://www.dnr.state.md.us/naturalresource/winter2003/oilspill.html 7.The Website of Hydrocarbons Industry. Lamor Coproration AB - Oil Spill Response and Recovery Equipment. http://www.hydrocarbons-technology.com/contractors/environment/lamor 8. Harju, T, High technology Finland. Managing oil spills more effectively (2003). http://www.indixon.com/enkku/rs-harvester.html http://www.hightechfinland.com/2003/energyenvironment/environment/indixon.html 9.Oil Spills at the Water Surfave. Office of Response and Restoration, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . 2002 http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/living/surface.html 10Preventing Oil Spills. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2004 http://www.epa.gov/oilspill/prevent.htm

Successful Property Development

Throughout this paper the masculine gender is used when referring to developers. This is purely for convenience and does not imply that successful developers have to be male. Demand for new buildings from tenants and owner occupiers is the basis of all commercial property development in the United Kingdom. A typical development scheme will be initiated by a developer identifying a demand for a new building or buildings in a certain location. A major office user for example may wish to combine a number of regional offices into one new building able to accommodate new echnology and enable all of the Company's departments to be housed under one roof. The image to be presented by the new building will also be important and the Company may prefer a prominent town centre location with easy rail access or a fringe of town location on the motorway network. The experienced developer will know that if a development is to be successful the location must be the one which will appeal to tenants or purchasers who will either pay rent or a capital sum to occupy the property. There are many examples of unsuccessful schemes which failed because of poor location. With shopping centre evelopment the choice can be very subtle and a slightly ‘off-pitch' location may be enough to discourage tenants from leasing shop units in the new centre. If a site for a new development is identified and the site (or redundant buildings) is available for purchase, planning consent for the scheme must be sought from the Local Authority. It is usually the case that the developer will have concentrated on those locations where the planners will support development proposals and planning consent is likely to be received. If the location is correct and planning consent is likely the developer must also rrange finance to buy the site, build the scheme and let (or sell) it. He may also wish to sell the completed income producing investment. If he does so and the money he receives from the sale of the investment is more than the capital and interest he borrowed to build the scheme, he will receive a monetary profit. There are many sources of finance for developers but conventionally money will be borrowed from banks to buy the site and build a scheme with long term finance being provided by life assurance funds and pension funds. Long term finance in this ontext means the purchase of the completed investment by the fund which will enable the developer to repay all his short term debt and (hopefully) give him a profit. The investment market and development market are therefore closely linked and the developer will be mindful of the fund's requirements from the start of the development process. The most common form of development funding which involves the institutions if known as ‘profit erosion, priority yield'. This method allows the developer to borrow most of his short term finance from the institution and not pay it back until the cheme is completed and let. At this time the fund takes over the scheme in return for providing the developer's short term monies. The developer departs with a lump sum fee for carrying out the project which will be calculated by capitalising that amount of rent from the scheme which will be calculated by capitalising that amount of rent from the scheme which exceeds the fund's required return on the money lent; in other words its ‘priority yield'. Even if the rent from the scheme does not exceed the fund's priority yield, the developer will still receive a fee but obviously not as uch as he would get if he lets the building(s) at a high rent. There are many other types of development funding some of which are described in ‘Property and Money' by Michael Brett (see the bibliography at the back of this booklet). The developer will employ a professional team to design and cost the proposed building. The architect as leader of the design team has a crucial role to interpret his client's intentions and produce a design which will meet the requirements of tenants, planners and long term funders. Other commentators such as journalists, he general public, and the Prince of Wales may also criticise the design of a scheme where it is perceived to be ugly or inappropriate for its location. Successful commercial development requires therefore a combination of good location, planning consent, good design and funding. Even if these factors are present the scheme may still fail, at least in the short term, if the economy is weak and firms cannot expand. This introduction provides a resume of a typical development and the process can now be considered in more detail. The Developer The developer is the instigator of the scheme. He provides the entrepreneurial flair to identify the development opportunity and bring it to a successful conclusion. In doing so he will make use of established relationships with commercial estate agents and his knowledge of the occupier market. Most large development companies specialise in particular areas of the market. Slough Estates for example, built its reputation in the development of industrial and warehouse property whereas Hammersons developed the first shopping mall in the United Kingdom at Brent Cross. Some life assurance funds act as their own developer and one example is Norwich Union in the development of the Bentalls centre in Kingston on Thames. Various government agencies also act as developers such as District and Regional Health Authorities with hospital building. Increasingly, the newly privatised utilities will carry out their own developments. There are many types of developers. Some are ‘developer traders' who build with a view to selling the scheme when it is complete. Others will develop and hold the completed investment in their investment portfolio. Some developers are quoted on the stock exchange and others are little more than one man bands. Throughout the development process, but crucially at the start before funds are committed, the commercial developer will carry out an appraisal which will predict the eventual profits to be earned from the scheme. A considerable amount of work has to be done to produce a full appraisal as all the costs of the scheme have to be considered. The site itself will have to be fully investigated and this will involve bore hole surveys to enable the structural engineer to estimate the cost of the foundations. An environmental impact study may be required before planning consent is forthcoming. With the assistance of his agent, the developer will also predict the rent which the scheme will produce and (if the investment is to be sold), the investment value. If a scheme is to be successful the investment value less all capital and interest costs will have to leave an acceptable profit. If a developer has used rents in the appraisal which are too high, perhaps in expectation of rent rises in the development period, he may eventually make no profit at all and the scheme (from the developer's viewpoint) will have failed. To avoid risk and to attract other tenants to a development, a developer will often eek a pre-let tenant for a scheme. Before construction starts, a tenant will sign an agreement to lease all or part of the scheme at an agreed rent. This is particularly valuable in shopping centre development where an anchor tenant such as a department store will make a commitment before development commenced, thereby giving confidence to other lessees to take shop units. A developer who borrows money to buy a site, construct a building, and seek lessees will have no appreciable earnings until the scheme is let. It would be difficult therefore, for any interest on capital borrowed to be repaid during the development period. It is usually the case that interest is repaid as a lump sum when the fully let investment is eventually sold. Interest in these circumstances is said to be ‘rolled up' until the end of the development period. In arranging finance, the developer will often have a short term interest in the scheme, whereas the fund purchasing the investment when fully let, has a long term interest. Funds are, therefore, particularly interested in tenant quality in the longer term and building flexibility which may not be of primary importance to the developer. Local Authorities may initiate development, particularly retail, by making town centre ites available on ground leases to developers. The Authority will have a long term interest in the scheme's success, as they will receive a grounds rent, probably geared to the full rental value of the development. Not all developers have a short term interest in a development. Major developers may hold completed investments in a portfolio rather than ar range long term finance by selling the investment to a fund. Planning In the words of Clara Green ‘planning applications (like prayers) receive one of three answers – yes, no or yes but. ‘ The process can be one of great frustration and ifficulty for developers and for a major scheme it is usual for a specialist planning consultant to be employed to negotiate a consent with the Local Authority. Planning law is complicated but in general terms, planning consent is required for most major building in the United Kingdom. The department of the Environment is responsible for planning and the Secretary of State for the Environment is advised by teams of professional planners, surveyors and architects. All applications are made to local councils and it is only the most important or controversial applications which will be of interest to the higher tier of overnment. Most applications are, therefore, decided locally although the Secretary of State may decide to call in any application at his or her discretion. To obtain planning permission, an application will be made to the District Council although applications in the future also may be considered by the new unitary authorit ies. The developer can choose the type of application he wishes to make. If he wishes to seek approval to the principle of development, he can make an outline application. This is sometimes referred to as a red line application, as a red ine is drawn around the site plan supporting the application. If consent is granted, this will be subject to reserved matters and the developer will have to seek a subsequent consent for these detailed matters later. Alternatively a full application may be made which will include all detailed matters as well as the basic principles. The Local Authority will decide the application in the context of plans which will have been previously published and approved by the Secretary of State. Under the present two tier system of Local Government, the County Councils produce structure lans for their area which show in strategic terms the type and location of development which will be permitted during the period of the plan. The District Councils produce local plans which deal with detailed matters related to specific areas of land. If the planning application does not accord with the local plan, the Local Authority will be justified in refusing the application but obviously a developer would be unwise to make an application of this type. Structure plans have a life of between 5 and 15 years and comprise a lengthy written statement supported by explanatory diagrams. The important matters dealt with in the structure plan are strategic matters such as tourism and leisure, waste disposal, new housing, employment and transport. The Authority has a two month period in which to decide an application but it can ask the applicant for more time. If the application is refused the applicant can appeal to the Secretary of state and the matter in the majority of cases, will be decided by a Government Inspector. In major cases, the Inspector will make recommendations to the Secretary of State who will, after advice, take a decision. There may also be a Public Local Enquiry here evidence is heard by the Inspector over a number of days from all interested parties. In producing their structure and local plans as well as deciding applications, Councils have to take into account policy statement produced by the government. These are called Planning Policy Guidance Notes (PPGs) and they are published or amended from time to time. Two of the most important are PPG 6 which relates to out of town retail development and PPG 13 which deals with transport. There are a total of 25 PPGs and many are frequently revised. For example a new PPG 12 was produced in April 1999. This revision emphasised the importance of regional planning which now has it own PPG (PPG 11) and also stressed the government's commitment to a plan led system. Any developer seeking to build against government guidance as stated in the PPGs faces a long, expensive and uncertain battle and therefore is well advised to tailor development proposals to accord with published guidance. The government is at pains to demonstrate that the plan led system is sensitive to demographic changes and this is seen in the revisions to PPG 3 (Housing) which take account of the prediction that ‘7 out of ten new ouseholds forming over the next 20 years are likely to be single person households' (Nick Raynsford, Housing and Planning Minister). A topical revision PPG 25 (Flood Risk) which aims to avoid development in flood risk areas and emphasises a precautionary approach in marginal areas with flood defences to be shown to be in place (and paid for by the developer) before development is approved. The Development Team The team will be employed by the developer at the start of a project and it role will encompass design, costing, funding and marketing. In summary its functions are as follows: Architect The Architect is the leader and coordinator of the design team who has a major role in interpreting his client's requirements and producing a design brief. The brief establishes the client's basic requirements and from this the Architect and other members of the design team will produce detailed design drawings. These will eventually be given to selected building contractors who will tender for the job of constructing the building. During construction, the Architect will inspect the work as it proceeds on behalf of his client. Because the Architect's work is so important he ill be paid a fee based on a percentage of the total cost of the building work. For a new building this will normally be between 4% and 5% of the cost of the work. Quantity Surveyor The Quantity Surveyor estimates the eventual cost of the new building and will produce regular cost checks as the design is developed. Before tenders are invited from building contractors, he will inform the client of the estimated cost of the works (the pre-tender estimate) and the client can then proceed to tender with confidence. Services and Structural Engineers In some instances the engineers will be responsible for producing design drawings nd specifications of the building services (air-conditioning, electrical installation etc) and the structure (foundations, structural frame). Increasingly however, the services engineer will only produce a statement of how the services will perform (a performance specification) rather than a full design. In these circumstances, design becomes the responsibility of the contractor. Estate Agents Developers usually have established relationships with firms of estate agents who will be aware of development opportunities. The agent will also provide marketing advice and will be responsible for letting the building. Other Consultants Other consultants include solicitors, landscape architects and planning consultants. With some complicated and large schemes, a project manager may oversee the project on behalf of the client. Specialist noise or environmental consultants may be required where development will take place in environmentally sensitive areas where special planning conditions have been imposed. Successful Schemes A scheme will be successful if its location and design has attracted a number of first class tenants and will continue to do so in the future should any tenants vacate. A uccessful scheme will provide a secure and growing investment for the eventual long term investor as well as an adequate monetary profit for the developer. There are many reasons why development schemes are unsuccessful, some of which are discussed below: Poor Location This is the most obvious but nevertheless very common reason for failure. A shopping scheme may be located where there is a lack of pedestrian flow. An office building may be located where vehicular access is difficult or the chosen site does not provide the required image and identity for the tenant/s. On a wider scale, he development may be located in a city which is in decline, to the detriment of long term investment quality. Some commentators are casting doubt on the future quality of fringe of town retail warehousing schemes which do not have the support of an established town centre. Poor Design A shopping centre must be designed to maximise pedestrian flow and enable shoppers to both park and gain easy access. If the design fails to do this, the public may avoid the centre and tenants will be hard to find. Also shopping centres must allow frequent changes of image and must provide the correct ambience for the ublic. Attention to detail with the internal design will allow this to benefit the investment. Thee are many examples of office buildings constructed in the 1960's and 1970's which do not provide the necessary ducting and image for modern tenants using today's technology. These developments may have been regarded as successful when they were first constructed, but in terms of a long term investment are of dubious quality. Lack of flexibility with many buildings means that where occupier requirements change the buildings cannot and voids are the result. Increased Costs during Design or Construction If a developer allows costs to increase, he will eventually make no profit whatsoever from the scheme. If costs increase beyond those used in the appraisal the developers profit will be eroded. The expertise of the design team to contain costs whilst, at the same time, producing a quality building is of vital importance but sometimes mistakes are made. A lack of coordination between building work and services is a typical example leading to redesign, delay and increased costs. Planning Errors When a contract is awarded to a contractor, it is important that the site of the evelopment is firstly in the legal control of the developer and secondly the same site for which planning consent has been granted. There have been many examples of mistakes in this area to the detriment of the project. Empty Property A newly built shopping centre with few tenants is clear evidence of a scheme which falls short of success. There are many examples amongst those centres completed during the recession. As with office and warehousing property pre-let tenants are particularly valuable in recessionary periods. Public Sector Development The Private Finance Initiative. In the past public sector development such as roads, hospitals and bridges were built by government contracting with the private sector for the design and construction works. Civil servants and their consultants would work to precise specifications of what was required to be built. When the development was complete the government would then be responsible for running the completed hospital, road or whatever to the benefit of the public. The Private ~Finance Initiative (or PFI) is intended to revolutionise the traditional method of producing public facilities described above. It was conceived in 1992 during Norman Lamont's troubled chancellorship and was vigorously supported by his successor Kenneth Clarke. In essence PFI only required the government to state how the building is to be used and the performance it must achieve. The private sector is then invited to tender for the design, construction and running of the new facility. The reward for doing this is negotiated with the government agency responsible for the facility and will usually take the form of a regular monetary payment so long as the facilities provided continue to meet the agreed criteria. Kenneth Clarke stated that PFI is ‘a radical and far reaching change in capital investment in public services which will break down further barriers between the public and private sectors'. The central argument in favour of PFI is that the private sector is more capable of promoting efficiency than government and will provide business solutions to public sector requirements. It is also argued that the risks of increased construction and running costs, which appears to be a feature of public sector schemes, will disappear with PFI where all the risks are borne by the private sector. Critics of PFI point out that it is extremely difficult to produce a performance specification for, say, a highly complex building such as a hospital and this will lead to private sector contractors being allowed to cut corners to the detriment of the public. It is also pointed out that the government can always borrow money more cheaply than the private sector and that this will inevitably lead to increased costs which will be passed on to the public. The change of government in May 1997 led to a thorough review of the experience gained from using PFI in the previous five years. Malcolm Bates was appointed to arry out a review which resulted in 29 recommendations aimed at rationalising and reinvigorating the PFI process. The ‘Treasury Taskforce' was the government's response to the review and this body consisted mainly of city financiers who were charged with building up PFI expertise in government. The taskforce had a life of three years and is replaced by ‘Partnerships UK' which will operate as a joint private/public consultancy to assist with the PFI process. There are currently hundreds of PFI schemes in the process of completion and the present government is wedded to this form of procurement for public sector projects.

The Role Of Socialization And Gender Roles - 852 Words

INTRODUCTIOn tell me what you are focussing on†¦..family and theirgender roles Socialisation is the process by which a child learns to respect his or her environmental laws such as norms, values and customs. Socialisation helps the infant gradually become self-aware and a knowledgeable person, skilled in the ways of the culture into which he or she is born. Children within the primary socialisation of the family learn a great deal from parents and other care givers such as grandparents, grandmothers, child-minders and baby-sitters, siblings and neighbours. People who successfully come through primary socialisation to be well adjusted individuals then progress to secondary agents of socialisation, such as education, employment and the media. Within contemporary Western society it is very important to socialise people to know their gender identity. Gender identity and the roles of males and females within socialisation begins from the moment you are born and your biological sex has been identified whether a girl or a boy. Gender roles are developed after birth through the agents of both primary and secondary socialisation. According to the Marxist perspective the agents help to reinforce the gender stereotypes, which are a negative product of patriarchal influences which take place first within the family. For example, according to the functionalists the family performs several essential functions for society. It socialises children and provides practical support forShow MoreRelatedGender Socialization And Gender Roles998 Words   |  4 Pagesattention to the gender equality issues many societies face. Is this increased awareness helping towards a neutral gendered socialization process which will inevitably eliminate the inequality? 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As children, we communicate with the world free of inhibition, and find no fault in any of our actions; we could throw a tantrum and no one wouldRead MoreGender Socialization And Gender Roles999 Words   |  4 PagesEarly gender socialization is perhaps one of the most relevant issues and debates of early childhood. The beginnings of stereotypes for gender roles are typically established at birth, and continue a process of learning specific cultural roles and standards in accordance with the sex of the individual. Gendered interactions begin early in the family and hence influence the process of gendered socialization, as was such the case for myself growing up. Socialization comes from a number of sources:Read MoreGender Roles And Gender Socialization985 Words   |  4 PagesForum 1: Gender Roles and Gender Socialization 1.   Explain why gender is not a property of individuals but rather a feature of social situations.   Give specific examples, including your own experiences, in which gender differences were assumed to be natural but were really social constructed. Note: It helps to distinguish between the concepts of sex and gender in answering this question (see definitions in Chapter 3 and lecture notes). Gender is not a property of individual because it providesRead MoreGender Socialization And Gender Roles1452 Words   |  6 Pages120 Professor Lessor 5/14/2016 Gender role in socialization Gender socialization and gender roles have always existed in society. Gender roles are playing major part in our way of living. 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A good example of socialization is the learning of gender

Savage s Stance On Marriage - 1182 Words

I think it’s difficult to just openly agree with Savage’s stance on marriage as it stands. As quoted in Oppenheimer’s article, â€Å"Married, with Infidelities†, Savage states: â€Å"The mistake that straight people made,’ Savage told me, ‘was imposing the monogamous expectation on men. Men were never expected to be monogamous. Men had concubines, mistresses and access to prostitutes, until everybody decided marriage had to be egalitarian and fairsey† (Oppenheimer, 2011). Savage’s words seem almost dismissive of the possibility that women would potentially stray given the opportunity. Given that Savage is said to have gained inspiration from Ryan and Jetha’s Sex at Dawn, it is not really surprising Savage feels this way. Ryan and Jetha’s work goes to great lengths to â€Å"prove† that humans are not meant to be monogamous, yet really all it does is attempt to justify cheating in men (Ryan, 2011). As discussed during our course, Sex at Dawn makes no attempt to consider a woman’s mate choice. In fact, Ryan states â€Å"The idea that female mate choice (conscious or not) can happen after or during intercourse rather than as part of an elaborate precopulatory courtship ritual turns the standard narrative upside down† (Ryan, 266). This kind of rape culture perpetuating logic is not a good basis to develop marital strategies off of, yet it does reflect some of our culture’s skewed views on consent. For Savage’s take on infidelity to work, our culture would have to change to be more accepting ofShow MoreRelatedThe Idle King By Alfred Lord Tennyson1119 Words   |  5 Pagesdecide whether to stay or leave Ithaca â€Å"untraveled world† (Tennyson 20) summarizes the poem. Throughout the poem, it is obvious which stance Ulysses’ heart heavily sways towards but it is not until the last line is his decision made clear. 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Specifically her renowned speech in the beginningRead More Stereotypes and Stereotyping of Native Americans in The Last of the Mohicans4193 Words   |  17 Pagescomedic Indian, the jester of the frontier court. This Indian spoke in simple is clearly secondary in importance† and was never the hero (Crowdus 297). The two most significant roles of the Native American are the bloodthirsty savages and their counterparts the â€Å"noble† savages. [2] These two opposite characteristics were adopted from the â€Å"images and stereotypes which had already been popularized in fiction and in art was only a continuation of a practice which had already been institutionalizedRead MoreJim Elliot : God s Instrument2677 Words   |  11 Pagesphilosophy and was certain of his direction to Ecuador (Wikipedia). All the while Elliot was out of school and preparing to leave, he was in contact with Elisabeth (Wikipedia). 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In both cases, Johnson separated himself from what was commonly accepted and asserted his own opinions and views based on his beliefs. Further, by comparing Johnson to contemporaries (BoswellRead MoreEssay on HUMAN BEINGS AND NATURE DURING THE REVOLUTION OF THE MIND3395 Words   |  14 Pagesto be a symbolic, not a literal, read that was being twisted and misrepresented by opponents of the Copernican view. (4) He stood by Copernicus until the age of seventy, when two appearances before the Catholic Inquisition forced him to change his stance on the matter. (5) Shortly after Galileis letter, in 1620, the Englishman Francis Bacon posed a threat to traditional authorities in general when he proposed that scientists and philosophers work not from classical or Biblical texts, but from

The Mao Button, Black Walls, And Communist China - 1131 Words

Title Goes Here The eighteenth-century German philosopher Johann Wolfgang van Goethe is quoted as saying: â€Å"None are more hopelessly enslaved than those who falsely believe they are free†. If Goethe, who died in the early 1800s, could have looked forward a hundred and twenty years to Mao Zedong’s Communist China, he would have doubtless seen his words ring painfully true. Mao’s dynastic rule survived on elimination of any thought deemed contrary to his own. Those who dared to speak out were dealt with swiftly and severely. Yet some people did not believe they were free, and were willing to do risk everything to subvert Mao’s manufactured culture. â€Å"The Mao Button†, â€Å"Black Walls†, and â€Å"Dogshit Food† are short stories that criticize the†¦show more content†¦People were so obsessed with proving their dedication to Mao that they lost sight of how irrationally they were acting. The author of The Mao Button uses extreme hyperbole to satirize this personality worship. The entire country of China lived with a deep-seated fear that their dedication to the Chairman would be called into question, and they would not be able to prove themselves - and thus would face ridicule, or the even punishment. Indeed, a mere lapel pin was enough by which to judge someone’s patriotism. The cultural satire exemplified in The Mao Button also manifests in Black Walls, in which author Liu Xin-wu uses satire to expose the dangers of the group-think prevalent in Communist China. At the beginning of the story, a young man named Mr. Zhao decides to paint his room. His neighbors, who share a communal courtyard with him, think nothing of this at first. But then, panic strikes: â€Å"Mr. Zhou was not spraying his walls white but black! He was actually spraying his walls black† (173). His neighbors cannot understand this decision. Why would anyone want walls any color but white? They theorize that Mr. Zhou must be suffering from a critical mental illness. Should they call a doctor, or should they call the police? To the reader of Black Walls, this panic seems completely ridiculous. Why do the walls of everyone’s house need to be white? In Western culture, freedom of thought and freedom of choiceShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesMeyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman:Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pages253 279 1. The Value−Based Management Framework: An Overview 2. Why Value Value? 4. The Value Manager Harvard Business Review Finance Articles Eclipse of the Public Corporation 308 308 323 323 330 330 Article How I Learned to Live with Wall Street Article Second Thoughts on Going Public Article Reed−Lajoux †¢ The Art of M A: Merger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, Third Edition 10. Postmerger Integration 336 336 Text Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh †¢ International Management, Sixth Edition

Teachers should assign homework to students Free Essays

â€Å"Homework†. The mere mention of this word would send groans and moans rippling through the classroom, as if the world has come to an end. Although majority of the students tend to view homework negatively, there are prominent reasons why teachers assign homework despite protests from students, concerned parents and irrational researchers. We will write a custom essay sample on Teachers should assign homework to students or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although the amount of homework to be assigned is debatable, the good intention of teachers in assigning homework should not be questioned as there are many benefits to doing homework. Firstly, students should be assigned homework as it is platform for students to learn what they have practised. Except for the few geniuses in a cohort, who is able to absorb 100 percent of what they have learnt in class? Although there are many children who are auditory learners, most need further emphasis on the knowledge that they have gained during lessons through visual means, in any case, written homework. Some people believe that when we write down thoughts, ideas, quotes and more, we are actually imprinting them on our brains. Instead of relying on a fleeting memory, this is a much more effective way to contain what we have learnt in school. That is why we need to diligently complete our homework, especially when they are a replication of the content taught in school. Other than benefitting from doing their homework, students benefit from the feedback that they get after their teachers have marked their assignments. Teachers’ main aim when assigning and marking homework is to gauge how much each student has taken away from the lessons delivered and whether or not they fully comprehend what has been taught. Students themselves learn from marked assignments how they fare in the class and how much more effort they have to pour into the topics they are learning. For example, when an essay has been returned, students would know if their proficiency in English is up to standard based on the grade and comments given, and sometimes, the amount of red ink splashed onto their composition. This shows that homework is an effective communication tool between teachers and students in order to boost learning. Furthermore, students acquire discipline and time management skills as they plod through their homework. Just as adults have to complete projects, assignments and proposals in their workplace, so is homework an equivalent task for students. To ensure that they complete their homework, students have to force themselves to put aside the time and order their brains to answer the questions or solve the sums. This constitutes discipline. By following a schedule with enough time to play, rest and spend time with their family and friends, on top of finishing their homework, students will slowly develop their time management skills. Both skills will bring them far as they progress into a stressful and demanding society, such as the one in Singapore. In conclusion, I will still stand by the belief that homework is given for the benefit of students. As a student, homework is my responsibility and as a responsible person, I will make sure I complete my homework to the best of my ability. However, it is important that students are given time to acquire knowledge outside the classroom. Students should not be cooped up all day in a musty study room, learning things in the textbook; they should also pick up social skills through hanging around with friends and life skills such as cooking and repairing household appliances. How to cite Teachers should assign homework to students, Papers

Concept of Human Health as Cross-Cutting Issues-Free-Samples

Question: Examine the Concept of public health as a cross-cutting issue between energy, waste, water, land and biodiversity management. Answer: The main aim of this paper is to explain the concept of human health as cross-cutting issues between energy, biodiversity, wastage, and water. It explains the significance and role of environment in order to protect the human rights. The environment has a direct impact on the health and lifestyle of people. Public health may be defined as the science of protecting the safety and improving and enhancing the health of society through education, planning, policy-making and research for disease and injury prevention. The definition of public health is quite different for each and every person. Environmental issues such as energy, waste, water, land and biodiversity issues present in the global environment which have a direct impact on the health of the communities (Parsons, 2014). Furthermore, social issues may emerge in the organization as well as workplace of the employees which may also impact surrounding communities (Baum, 2016). Moreover, public health may be defined as a process of art and science for preventing and eliminating disease, protecting, promoting and improving health through the organized and designed efforts of society. Effective and unique programs and health facilities are developed and built to protect the health and well being of society. Public health plays a vital r ole in the environment to reduce water, waste and energy issues in the environment. Once the health issues and problems are measured and identified, public health seeks and searches the best interventions and strategies and policies to resolve the public health problem and identify and measure social, and health agents and actors that can be carried out in the best possible manner. The energy sectors interactions with public health, water, food, gender are directly connected to energy systems and energy services. In addition, energy also helps to attain secure and equal access to productive inputs and resources and helps to maintain technology and food production system. It also facilitates access and evaluates safe drinking water and sanitation, expansion and development of wastewater treatment and improvement of water quality. It also helps to reduce and eliminate illness and death from water, air, contamination, and pollution. It can also support womens equal rights and interests to natural and economic resources, improve and enhance the use of technology and helps to prevent and reduce violence against girls and women in private and public places (DeLoughrey and Handley, 2011). On the other hand, water and energy resources are tied together. A huge amount of energy and water are needed to maintain public health and well being. These resources are being used by the people to produce crops in the global market. Energy also affects water security and safety. Everyone depends on the services and ecosystem of the earth. In addition, disposing of waste is the biggest issues in the world which affects health and well being of people. It creates serious health problems and has huge environmental impacts (Schulze and Mooney, 2012). Pollution also increases due to wastage and garbage. In todays era, the water problem is also increasing day by day due to a natural shortage of drinking water in some specific areas. In developing countries, there is no facility of clean and pure water. As a result, approx 1.8 million children die every year from diarrhea and other health issues. Approximately 71.230% of health issues and illness are caused by sanitation situations and p oor water. Environmental degradation is one of the biggest threats to the people that are being seen at in the todays competitive world. The environment is seen to be harmed and corrupted. These issues also affect the health of the animals. Land disturbance, population, deforestation, and natural causes also influence the health of the people. Deforestation decreases forest size, as a result, global warming is influencing human health and well being. Land, water, wastage, and energy issues also affect community health and safety. These issues can cause respiratory issues and problems such as asthma, and pneumonia. Many people died due to indirect effects of water, and air pollution (Harper and Snowden, 2017). Furthermore, biodiversity is essential for maintaining the balance of the ecosystem in the terms of protecting water sources, restoring nutrients and stabilizing climate. Water pollution, global warming, deforestation, and overpopulation are few of the significant reasons for loss of biodiversity (Richardson and Ternes, 2014). Therefore, the community contributes to maintain effective and dynamic ecosystem by reducing and eliminating these causes and issues. These issues also influence ozone layer adversely. This layer is responsible to protect earth from harmful and negative ultraviolet rays. It also increases harmful radiation on earth. These issues directly affect the tourism industry. Loss of biodiversity, air and water pollution is becoming major concerns for the tourism industry. Due to pollution, the tourism industry cannot survive their business because pollution will affect livelihood and health of tourists (Victor, 2017). Moreover, the country may have to bear huge cost due to water pollution, wastage and loss of diversity can have a large impact in terms of protection of endangered species. Now it is assumed that country should make unique and dynamic policies to reduce and eliminate water pollution, wastage, and biodiversity issues. The environment plays an active role in public health. The country can control over illness and diseases by eliminating and reducing environmental issues. In addition, the government should make effective strategies and policies to protect the environment (Geist, 2013). The environmental authorities also monitor the environment to prevent the diseases of people. Moreover, the country needs to originate its own sanitation strategy, policy and plans to reduce the water and air pollution. Apart from this, dynamic and unique programs must be conducted by the firm to protect the environment. The society should minimize the uses of herbicides, fertilizers, and pesticides, also it reduces the use of detergents when washing clothes. It will help to maintain a unique environment in the country (Moldan, Janoukov and Hk, 2012). Peoples lung function is affected by pollution and they suffered from respiratory inflammation. The industries are also being polluted by pollution and wastage thus it will affect the business activities and operations of the companies. Plants are being destroyed by acid rains and pollution. Hence, the country should control the pollution and wastage by making effective and unique policies and strategies. The wastages, water, and air po llution also have a negative effect on the ecosystem of the country (McMichael, 2013). Physical hazards are also big issues which influence human health adversely. The chemical hazards such as tobacco and smoke also have a direct impact on health and lungs of the people. Death rates are increasing due to environmental issues. All these environmental factors affect health and safety of community (Salvendy, 2012). Good nutrition and human health are important part of leading a healthy and safe lifestyle. Diet and physical activity can help people to reach and maintain a healthy weight and reduce and prevent the risk of chronic diseases and promote overall health and safety. Now it is assumed that environment plays a vital role to maintain health and well being of society. Furthermore, the community should contribute and participate to prevent water, air and land issues and wastage. They should maintain a healthy and favorable environment to survive the livelihood (Sallis, Floyd, Rodrg uez and Saelens, 2012). The community plays a vital role to maintain sustainability in the environment. On the above discussion, it has been evaluated and concluded that environment plays a vital and active role to maintain human health. Effective and technologies and strategies must be used by government and country to protect the environment and to prevent air pollution, water pollution, wastage, and corruption. The government plays a vital role to eliminate water, land and wastage issues. References Baum, F., 2016.The new public health(No. Ed. 4). Oxford University Press. DeLoughrey, E. and Handley, G.B. eds., 2011.Postcolonial ecologies: Literatures of the environment. Oxford University Press. Geist, V., 2013.Life strategies, human evolution, environmental design: toward a biological theory of health. Springer Science Business Media. Harper, C. and Snowden, M., 2017.Environment and society: Human perspectives on environmental issues. Taylor Francis. McMichael, A.J., 2013. Globalization, climate change, and human health.New England Journal of Medicine,368(14), pp.1335-1343. Moldan, B., Janoukov, S. and Hk, T., 2012. How to understand and measure environmental sustainability: Indicators and targets.Ecological Indicators,17, pp.4-13. Parsons, K., 2014.Human thermal environments: the effects of hot, moderate, and cold environments on human health, comfort, and performance. CRC press. Richardson, S.D. and Ternes, T.A., 2014. Water analysis: emerging contaminants and current issues.Analytical chemistry,86(6), pp.2813-2848. Sallis, J.F., Floyd, M.F., Rodrguez, D.A. and Saelens, B.E., 2012. Role of built environments in physical activity, obesity, and cardiovascular disease.Circulation,125(5), pp.729-737. Salvendy, G., 2012.Handbook of human factors and ergonomics. John Wiley Sons. Schulze, E.D. and Mooney, H.A. eds., 2012.Biodiversity and ecosystem function. Springer Science Business Media. Victor, P.A., 2017.Pollution: Economy and environment. Routledge.